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Key Financial Business Ratios
- To measure a company’s solvency, efficiency and profitability

1. Solvency Ratios
    - To measure the financial soundness of a business and
       how well the company can satisfy its short- and
       long-term obligations

2. Efficiency Ratios
   - To measure the quality of the firm’s receivables and
      how efficiently it uses and controls its assets, how effectively
      the firm is paying suppliers, and whether the firm is over-trading
      or under-trading on its equity

3. Profitability Ratios
   - To measure how well a company performs and analyze
      how profit was earned relative to sales, total assets and net worth


Reference(s):
D&B - Fourteen Key Business Ratios

Info & Analysis - AirAsia Berhad

Financial Statements Information - AirAsia Berhad

Financial Statements Analysis - AirAsia Berhad

Solvency (1) - Quick Ratio Measures the extent to which a business can cover its current liabilities with those current assets readily convertible to cash. Shows number of dollars of liquid assets available to cover each dollar of current debt. Any time the ratio is 1:1 (1.0), the business is said to be in a liquid condition.  The larger the ratio, the greater the liquidity.

Solvency (2) - Current Ratio Measures the degree to which current assets cover current liabilities. The higher the ratio, the more likely the company will be able to meet its liabilities.  A ratio of 2 to 1 (2.0) or higher is desirable.

Solvency (3) - Current Liabilities to Net Worth Ratio Indicates the amount due creditors within a year as a percentage of the owners' or stockholders' investment. Measures the funds creditors are risking with a business temporarily against the funds permanently invested by its owners. Normally a business starts to have trouble when this relationship exceeds 80%.

Solvency (4) - Total Liabilities to Net Worth Ratio Shows how all of the company’s debt relates to the equity of the owner or stockholders. The higher this ratio, the less protection there is for creditors. If total liabilities exceed net worth then creditors have more at stake than stockbrokers. The difference between this ratio and Current Liabilities to Net Worth Ratio is that it pinpoints the relative size of long-term debt, which can burden a firm with substantial interest charges.

Solvency (5) - Fixed Assets to Net Worth Ratio Shows the percentage of assets centered in fixed assets compared to total equity. Generally the higher this percentage is over 75%, the more vulnerable a concern becomes to unexpected hazards and business climate changes.  Capital is frozen in the form of machinery and the margin for operating funds becomes too narrow to support day-to-day operations.

Efficiency (1) - Collection Period Ratio Helpful in analyzing the collectibility of accounts receivable, or how fast a business can increase its cash supply.

Efficiency (2) - Net Sales to Inventory Ratio Measures how fast inventory is moving the cash flow into the business. When this ratio is high, it may indicate a situation where sales are being lost because a concern is understocked and/or customers are buying elsewhere. If the ratio is too low, this may show that inventories are obsolete or stagnant.

Efficiency (3) - Assets to Net Sales Ratio Rates sales to the total investment that is used to generate those sales. If percentage is abnormally high, it indicates that a business is not being aggressive enough in its sales efforts, or that its assets are not being fully utilized.  A low ratio may indicate a business is selling more than can be safely covered by its assets.

Efficiency (4) - Assets to Net Working Capital Measures the number of times working capital turns over annually in relation to net sales.  Should be viewed in conjunction with the assets to sales ratio. A high turnover rate can indicate overtrading (excessive sales volume in relation to the investment in the business). A high turnover may indicate that the business relies extensively upon credit granted by suppliers or the bank as a substitute for an adequate margin of operating funds.

Efficiency (5) - Payable to Net Sales Ratio Measures how the company pays its suppliers in relation to the sales volume being transacted. A low percentage would indicate a healthy ratio. A high percentage indicates the firm may be using suppliers to help finance operations.

Profitability (1) - Return on Sales, or Profit Margin Measures profits after taxes on the year’s sales (profits earned per dollar of sales). The higher this ratio, the better prepared the business to handle downtrends brought on by adverse conditions.

Profitability (2) - Return on Assets The key indicator of profitability. A high percentage tells you the company is well run and has a healthy return on assets.

Profitability (3) - Return on Equity Measures the ability of a company’s management to realize an adequate return on the capital invested by the owners.

Reference(s):
D&B - Fourteen Key Business Ratios
Bursa Saham : Annual Report - AirAsia Berhad

Additional Notes:
AIRASIA BERHAD
Date Announced: 27/05/2011 Annual Report 2010 (Annual Report for Financial Year Ended:31/12/2010)
Date Announced: 31/05/2010 Annual Report 2009 (Annual Report for Financial Year Ended:31/12/2009)
Date Announced: 26/06/2009 Annual Report 2008 (Annual Report for Financial Year Ended:31/12/2008)
Date Announced: 09/05/2008(2007-2) Annual Report 2007 (Annual Report for Financial Year Ended:31/12/2007)
Date Announced: 29/10/2007 Annual Report 2007 (Annual Report for Financial Year Ended:30/06/2007)
Date Announced: 04/12/2006 Annual Report 2006 (Annual Report for Financial Year Ended:30/06/2006)
Date Announced: 28/10/2005 Annual Report 2005 (Annual Report for Financial Year Ended:30/06/2005)